Laminar flow is characterized by which of the following?

Laminar flow is characterized by parallel flow in layers, where the fluid moves in an orderly manner with smooth and predictable motion. In laminar flow, each layer of fluid glides past adjacent layers with minimal mixing or turbulence, which results in a streamlined flow pattern. This type of flow typically occurs at lower velocities and with fluids of lower viscosity, where the influence of viscous forces dominates over inertial forces.

The defining feature of laminar flow is this layered movement, which is key to its application in various fields such as fluid dynamics, engineering, and safety practices. Understanding laminar flow is crucial, particularly in processes where stable and predictable fluid movements are essential, such as in chemical reactions or in the design of ventilation systems to ensure optimal air quality and safety.