What disease is caused by inhaling beryllium dust or fumes?

Berylliosis is the disease that results from inhaling beryllium dust or fumes. It is a chronic granulomatous disease primarily affecting the lungs and is the result of an immune system response to beryllium exposure. This exposure can occur in various industries, such as aerospace or nuclear applications, where beryllium is used due to its desirable properties.

When beryllium particles are inhaled, they can lead to inflammation and the formation of granulomas, which are clusters of immune cells that form in response to the foreign substance. This can result in various respiratory symptoms, including cough, shortness of breath, and chest pain. In chronic cases, it can lead to lung damage and other systemic issues.

The other options reference diseases related to different inhaled substances. Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition often exacerbated by allergens or irritants but is not specifically linked to beryllium. Silicosis is caused by inhaling crystalline silica dust, and asbestosis results from asbestos exposure, both of which are distinct from beryllium exposure. Thus, berylliosis is specifically linked to the inhalation of beryllium and represents the correct choice.